Development document for effluent limitations guidelines. Recycling the platinum group metal pgm refining process. William lefflers petroleum refining in nontechnical language, 4th edition is a comprehensive overview of key refining topics by using relevant analogies, easytounderstand graphs, formulas, and illustrations. Open art units we design units based on our own knowhow licensed process units such as hydrotreaters, hydrocrackers and catalytic crackers we have strong relationships with all major process licensors all offsites and utility systems adding value at the frontend. Employee training and development will unlock the companies profitability and reliability. Platinumrefining we are providing the information such as process, technology, patent, consultants, company profiles, reports, market, projects about platinum refining. A refinerys processing flow scheme is largely determined by the composition of the crude oil. Profile of the petroleum refining industry in california.
Here they are treated for complete elimination of base metals, and the platinum metals are brought into solution for their separation and individual refining. It is also an excellent reference for inspection, operations, and maintenance personnel. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals refining james g. Petroleum refining an overview sciencedirect topics.
Heavier crudes contain higher proportions of large molecules, which the refinery can either 1 use in heavy industrial fuels, asphalt, and other heavy. Extraction and refining of the platinum metals johnson. Once the extraction process is complete we must ensure that the metal is free of any impurities. The first step in this process is to crush platinum containing ore and immerse it in the reagent containing water. It is intended to supplement riskbased inspection rp 580 and publ 581 and fitnessforservice api 5791asme ffs1 technologies developed in recent years by api to manage existing refining equipment integrity. By definition, petrochemicals are simply chemicals that happen to be derived from a starting material obtained from petroleum. Petroleum refining and petrochemical processes natural gas composition, classification, processing. Ppe can build a modular refinery in our shops and it can be easily shipped to your location anywhere in the world. It is ideal for professionals who are on the outside looking in, i. Because the global issues concerning platinum group elements, radioactive minerals, rare metals, lithium and phosphorus result primarily from a lack of distribution as opposed to a lack of production efficiency, mission 2016 did not work to improve. Refining process hindustan petroleum corporation limited. It will be shown that fiber and pulp properties can be manipulated by altering the refiner plate configuration and the operating conditions of a refiner in order to achieve an. Filtration and separations technologies for petroleum refining understanding root causes. The process comprises of countercurrent gas scrubbing in columns with aqueous solution of k 2 co 3 510 %, at temperature of 20 oc, and pressure of 2070 bar.
Most transportation vehicles are powered by refined products such as gasoline, diesel, aviation turbine kerosene atk and fuel oil. Expertise has been developed for scaleup and process. Each petroleum refinery is uniquely configured to process a specific raw material into a desired slate of products. During flotation, air is pumped through the orewater slurry. Refinement is the process that mined material undergoes so as to remove all undesirable minerals and separate the desired elements. We buy platinum scrap and separate the pure platinum from other precious metals and waste materials. Petroleum refining processes and economics for non technical professionals introduction the success of every company depends of each employees understanding of the key business components. Po box 10105 college station, tx 778420105 timothy m. Learn all about platinum as a precious metal, and the centuries long processes of mining and refining that have made it so integral to many parts of the world. The regulations cover wastewater discharges at over 140 refineries across the country. Standard, which had been profitably pumping, refining, and marketing petroleum products in. Titanium is a comparatively common element, and it is the fourth most abundant structural metal on earth just behind aluminum, iron, and magnesium. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries to transform crude oil into useful products.
In metallurgy refining of metals is the final process. Cben409 petroleum refining processes fall semester 2018. After completion of the assay process, the value of the scrap shipment is determined and you, our customer, are paid. Petroleum refining petroleum refining petrochemicals. Capable of extracting 2 to 6% more material than any other current method, our completely enclosed processing system was created to exceed the current standard of. The petroleum refining industry employs a wide variety of processes.
Refining of chemical pulp low consistency refining lab. Hydrometallurgical recoveryrecycling of platinum by the. Filtration and separations technologies for petroleum refining. Overview of pgm processing anglo american platinum. Typically, this process requires multistage refining to obtain a finished pulp. The complete process of extraction consists essentially of enriching this matte to approximately 65 per cent content of platinum metals and then treating this concentrate with acids to separate the individual platinum group metals from each other, followed by final refining. Petroleum refining plays an important role in our lives. In this process the impure metal is attached to a circular mobile heater at one end. Dewatering and desalting before separation of petroleum into its various constituents can proceed, there is the need to clean the petroleum. Epa promulgated the petroleum refining effluent guidelines and standards 40 cfr part 419 in 1974 and amended the regulations in 1975, 1977, 1982 and 1985.
Technical developments in refining processes over the years have led to greater catalyst efficiency, which has reduced the unit amount of platinum required. Compared to the abovedescribed groundwood, the process yields a longer fiber mass. Over 40 scientists, experts and professionals from both academia and industry have contributed to the 33 chapters in this handbook. Development document for the petroleum refining category. Petroleum refining processes and economics for non.
Business development manager, siemens eucis petroleum refining 101 was a great refresher course after returning to the business 30 years ago. In this section we will be describing the different refining technologies relating to gasoline, diesel and lpg. Other processes for obtaining alumina from metal ores are also in use in some refineries, particularly in china and russia, although these make up a relatively small percentage of global production. Platinum refineries provide an economical and environmentally friendly precious metal recovery service. Our products and services help optimize productivity, reliability, quality, safety, and environmental. The thermal cracking processes developed for refinery. At this point the platinum bearing gravity concentrates shipped from south africa join those produced in the johnson matthey smelting plant, and together enter the wet process refinery. For example, the refinery process is used to produce gasoline, kerosene, light oils, lubricating oils, and gases.
Enjoy a detailed discussion on the history of platinum mining and refining, including facts, figures, pictures and charts to help explain. The main fractions or cuts obtained have specific boilingpoint ranges and can be classified in order of decreasing volatility into gases, light distillates, middle distillates, gas. Platinum scrap such as platinum coins, palladium pd and platinum wire is weighed and then smelted. Fundamentals of petroleum refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. Platinum refining buying smelting and assaying refinery. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum. They are, in almost every case, virtually identical to the same chemical produced from other sources, such as coal, coke, or fermentation processes. Refining process flow diagram introduction to refining the modern crude oil refinery is designed to convert basic raw crude oil into various useful products through a series of separation and chemical processes.
Titanium extraction and refining titanium processing center. Platinum scrap refiners reclaim, recycle, and sell your. However, its limited resources are becoming depleted. Platinum is one of the precious metals with many applications, including in catalysis, electronic devices and jewelry. Metals such as germanium, silicon, gallium, indium and boron are made free from impurities using this method. As the heater is moved, the pure metal crystallizes out and the impurities pass on to the adjacent part of the metal. The coarse fraction separated in the process can be controlled by a socalled. Petroleum refining is a technology that uses fossil fuels as raw materials and chemical catalysts as a means to achieve conversion of petroleum through once, twice, and deep processing to get a series of chemical products, which are further used as the basic raw materials for synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, plastics, chemical fertilizers and pesticides production. Recycle and sell your platinum bearing scrap for the highest price with specialty metals, the best platinum scrap refiners in the us for secondary refining of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium and electronics scrap. Workable deposits are found all over the planet, and yet it remains more expensive than any of. When people, processes and technology work together as a.
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed. The bayer process is the most economic means of obtaining alumina from bauxite. If you remember we have done a similar process before of removing impurities during concentration of ores. Platinum particles chemically attach on to the oxygen and rise to the surface in a froth that is skimmed off for further refining. An introduction to petroleum refining and the production of ultra low sulfur gasoline and diesel fuel prepared for. Petroleum refining petroleum refining refinery plant and facilities. This presentation has been prepared by anglo american platinum limited anglo american platinum and comprises the written materialsslides for a presentation concerning anglo american platinum. The first step in the refining process is the separation of crude oil into various fractions or straight run cuts by distillation in atmospheric and vacuum towers. This oneofakind, comprehensive handbook provides the latest industry and research advances in petroleum refining, natural gas processing, and refinery management.
Corrosionrelated accidents in petroleum refineries pdf. At this point the platinumbearing gravity concentrates shipped from south africa join those produced in the johnson matthey smelting plant, and together enter the wet process refinery. The metal is then ready to be refined into its precious metal components. We have extensive experience in the design and manufacture of refining equipment and the construction and operation of crude oil refineries. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. Solvent refining process description wastes trends hydro treating process description wastes. Sulfur has a significant impact on vehicle emissions by reducing the efficiency of catalysts. Refining process against impurities oil refining process. Petroleum refining in nontechnical language william l. It is one of the most important unit operations when preparing papermaking fibers for highquality papers or paperboards. In order to determine which configuration is most economical, engineers and planners survey the local market for petroleum products and assess the available raw materials.
When platinum reforming was first introduced, consumption of platinum by the petroleum industry became a major component of industrial demand for the metal. To meet the future demand and conserve resources, it is necessary to process spent platinum containing materials, such as catalysts, electronic scraps and used equipment. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. In this section, the details of stock preparation refining process will be examined more closely. Hoover and strong has invested in a new refining process known as the miller process. These oils are pumped to the fluid catalytic cracking unit. Refineries employ a number of processes and technologies to convert various grades of crude oil into a slate of finished and intermediate products figure 3. Fcc and the hydrocracking units for producing various forms of gasoline, light fuel oils and diesel.
839 499 1083 832 609 1274 394 1357 595 224 230 99 939 673 5 1172 650 1129 1033 971 709 1310 1 982 1488 859 818 1035 1255 1194 193 1317 283 447 208 821 176 1359 941 1398 1291